Intshayelelo kuMgaqo wokuSebenza weReverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane:
I-RO sisishunqulelo se-Reverse Osmosis ngesiNgesi kwaye ithetha i-anti-osmosis ngesiTshayina.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuhamba kweeamolekyu zamanzi ukusuka ekugxininiseni okuphantsi ukuya ekugxininiseni okuphezulu.Nangona kunjalo, xa uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa kwicala lokungena, indlela yokuhamba ye-molecule yamanzi iguqulwa, ukusuka ekugxininiseni okuphezulu ukuya kwi-concentration ephantsi, ngoko ke igama libuyisela i-osmosis.
Umgaqo we-RO membrane: I-RO inwebu, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-reverse osmosis inwebu, yitekhnoloji eyahlula ulwelo olukhulu kunobukhulu bepore yenwebu ngokwahlukana koxinzelelo njengamandla okuqhuba.Ulwelo olungena kwi-membrane filtration luphantsi koxinzelelo.Xa uxinzelelo ludlula uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lwe-membrane ye-RO, ulwelo luya kungena kwelinye icala.Ulwelo oluncinci kunobungakanani bepore luya kukhutshwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokungena, ngelixa ulwelo olunogxininiso oluphezulu kunobukhulu bepore luya kuvalwa ngenwebu kwaye lukhutshwe kumjelo wamanzi oxinyiweyo.Ezi zenzo zisetyenziselwa ukuhlambulula, ukwahlula kunye nokugxininisa ulwelo lokuqala.
Iimpawu eziphambili zokusebenza ze-RO inwebu yisantya sokukhupha ityuwa, ukuqukuqela kwamanzi, kunye nezinga lokubuyisela.Izinga lokukhupha ityuwa libhekisa kwiqondo lokucoceka apho inwebu ingenela ii-ion, ngesantya esiphezulu sokukhupha ityuwa ephunyeziweyo xa ithintela ii-ion ngokufanelekileyo.Esinye isalathisi sokusebenza esibalulekileyo yi-flux, ebhekisela kwisixa seemolekyuli zamanzi ezinokungena kwindawo yeyunithi ye-membrane.Okukhona ukuguquguquka okukhulu, kokukhona kusebenza ngcono inwebu.Izinga lokubuyisela, kwelinye icala, libhekiselele kumlinganiselo wamanzi ahlaziyekileyo ukuba agxininise ngelixa i-membrane isebenza, kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu obonisa ukusebenza okungcono kwe-membrane.
Ngenxa yezi mpawu zintathu eziphambili ze-RO membranes, ukuphuhliswa kwe-membrane ze-RO kuye kwakhokelela ekufezekiseni impumelelo kwizinga eliphezulu lokukhupha ityuwa, imveliso enkulu yamanzi, kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokubuyisela, nganye inokuvelisa inzuzo ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho.
Kwizinto ze-membrane ye-osmosis eguqukayo, kwiimeko ezininzi umthombo wamanzi awukwazi ukungena kwizinto ngokuthe ngqo ngenxa yokuba ukungcola okuqulethwe kunokungcolisa i-membrane kwaye kuchaphazele ukusebenza okuzinzile kwenkqubo kunye nexesha lokuphila le-membrane element.Unyango lwangaphambili yinkqubo yokuphatha amanzi akrwada ngokweempawu zokungcola okukuwo, kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo, ukuze ikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufakwa kwezinto kwi-reverse osmosis membrane elements.Kuba ibekwe phambi kokuba i-osmosis ibuyele umva kuyo yonke inkqubo yonyango lwamanzi, ibizwa ngokuba lunyango lwangaphambili.
Injongo yonyango lwangaphambili kwiinkqubo ze-osmosis eziguqukayo kukuba: 1) ukuthintela ukungcoliseka komphezulu we-membrane, okt ukuthintela ukungcola okumisiweyo, i-microorganisms, izinto ze-colloidal, njl.2) ukuthintela ukulinganisa kwi-membrane surface.Ngexesha lokusebenza kwesixhobo se-osmosis esingemva, ezinye iityuwa ezinzima-ukuzinyibilikisa ezifana neCaCO3, CaSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4, CaF2 inokufaka kwi-membrane yomhlaba ngenxa yoxinaniso lwamanzi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukubunjwa kwezi zinto zinzima- ukunyibilikisa iityuwa;
3) qinisekisa ukuba i-membrane ayixhomekeke kumonakalo womatshini okanye weekhemikhali, ukwenzela ukuba i-membrane ibe nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi obaneleyo.
Ukukhethwa kweenkqubo zonyango lwangaphambili kwiinkqubo ze-osmosis ezibuyela umva kolu lulandelayo:
I-1) Kumanzi angaphezulu kunye nomxholo we-solids omisiweyo ongaphantsi kwe-50mg / L, indlela yokucoca ngokuthe ngqo ingasetyenziswa;
2) Kumanzi angaphezulu kunye nomxholo we-solids omisiweyo ongaphezulu kwe-50mg / L, i-coagulation, ingcaciso, indlela yokucoca ingasetyenziswa;
3) Kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba anomxholo wentsimbi engaphantsi kwe-0.3mg / L kunye nomxholo omisiweyo omisiweyo ongaphantsi kwe-20mg / L, indlela yokucoca ngokuthe ngqo ingasetyenziswa;
4) Kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba anomxholo wentsimbi engaphantsi kwe-0.3mg/L kunye nomxholo wezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo ezingaphezu kwe-20mg/L, indlela yokucoca ngokuthe ngqo ingasetyenziswa;
5) Kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba anomxholo wesinyithi omkhulu kune-0.3mg / L, i-oxidation kunye nokususwa kwentsimbi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo, kulandelwa ukuhluzwa ngokuthe ngqo okanye inkqubo yokucoca ngokuthe ngqo.Xa umxholo wezinto eziphilayo zamanzi akrwada ziphezulu, i-chlorination, i-coagulation, ingcaciso kunye nokucoca ingasetyenziselwa unyango.Xa olu nyango lungonelanga, ukuhluzwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kungasetyenziselwa ukususa izinto eziphilayo.Xa ubulukhuni bamanzi akrwada buphezulu kwaye iCaCO3 iya kuhlala ihleli kwi-reverse osmosis inwebu yomphezulu emva konyango, ukuthambisa okanye unyango lwekalika lunokusetyenziswa.Xa ezinye iityuwa ezinzima-ukuyinyibilika zinyuka kwaye zilinganisa kwinkqubo ye-RO, i-anti-scaling agents kufuneka isetyenziswe.Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-barium kunye ne-strontium ayinakuhlala ikhona kuhlalutyo lwamanzi akrwada.Nangona kunjalo, nakwiindawo eziphantsi kakhulu, zinokwenza lula izikali kwi-membrane surface nje ngokuba umxholo we-sulfate emanzini mkhulu kune-0.01mg / L.Ezi zikali zinzima ukuhlanjululwa kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka zithintelwe ukuba zenze kwi-membrane yomhlaba kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Xa umxholo we-silica kumanzi aluhlaza uphezulu, i-lime, i-magnesium oxide (okanye i-powder emhlophe) inokudibaniswa kunyango.Xa ugxininiso lwe-silica kumanzi okutya e-RO lungaphezu kwe-20mg/L, uvavanyo lokuthambekela kokukala kufuneka lwenziwe.Ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukucoca isikali se-silica, kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukuyikhusela ekubunjweni kwi-membrane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-01-2023