Inkqubo ye-EDI (Electrodeionization) isebenzisa i-resin yotshintshiselwano exubeneyo kwi-adsorb cations kunye ne-anion emanzini akrwada.I-ion ye-adsorbed isuswe ngokudlula kwi-cation kunye ne-anion exchange membranes phantsi kwesenzo sombane othe ngqo wangoku.Inkqubo ye-EDI ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe izibini ezininzi ze-anion etshintshanayo kunye ne-cation exchange membranes kunye ne-spacers, zenza i-concentrate compartment kunye ne-dilute compartment (oko kukuthi, ii-cations ziyakwazi ukungena nge-membrane yokutshintshiselana kwe-cation, ngelixa i-anion inokungena nge-membrane ye-anion exchange).
Kwi-compartment dilute, i-cations emanzini ifudukela kwi-electrode engalunganga kwaye idlule kwi-membrane yokutshintshiselana kwe-cation, apho ibanjwe yi-membrane ye-anion exchange in concentrate compartment;I-anion emanzini ifudukela kwi-electrode efanelekileyo kwaye idlule kwi-membrane yokutshintshiselana kwe-anion, apho ibanjwe yinwebu yokutshintshiselana kwe-cation kwi-concentrate compartment.Inani leeion emanzini liyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko lidlula kwindawo yokuxutywa, okukhokelela kumanzi ahlambulukileyo, ngelixa ukuxinwa kweentlobo ze-ionic kwi-concentrate compartment ikhula ngokuqhubekayo, okukhokelela kumanzi adibeneyo.
Ngoko ke, inkqubo ye-EDI ifezekisa injongo yokuhlanjululwa, ukuhlanjululwa, ukugxininiswa, okanye ukulungiswa.I-resin ye-ion exchange esetyenziswe kule nkqubo ihlaziywa ngokuqhubekayo ngombane, ngoko ayifuni ukuhlaziywa nge-asidi okanye i-alkali.Le teknoloji entsha kwi-EDI ihlanjululwe izixhobo zamanzi inokutshintsha izixhobo ze-ion zokutshintshiselana zendabuko ukuvelisa amanzi ahlambulukileyo ukuya kwi-18 MΩ.cm.
Izinto eziluncedo ze-EDI yeNkqubo yeZixhobo zaManzi acocekileyo:
1. Akukho ukuvuselelwa kwe-asidi okanye i-alkali efunekayo: Kwinkqubo yokulala edibeneyo, i-resin idinga ukuhlaziywa kunye neekhemikhali, ngelixa i-EDI iphelisa ukuphathwa kwezi zinto ezinobungozi kunye nomsebenzi onzima.Oku kukhusela okusingqongileyo.
2. Ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokulula: Kwinkqubo yokulala edibeneyo, inkqubo yokusebenza iba nzima ngenxa yokutshintsha komgangatho wamanzi kunye nokuhlaziywa ngalunye, ngelixa inkqubo yokuvelisa amanzi kwi-EDI izinzile kwaye iqhubekile, kwaye umgangatho wamanzi uhlala.Azikho iinkqubo zokusebenza ezintsonkothileyo, nto leyo eyenza umsebenzi ube lula.
3. Iimfuno zokufakela ezisezantsi: Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zokulala ezixubileyo eziphethe umthamo wamanzi ofanayo, iinkqubo ze-EDI zinomthamo omncinci.Basebenzisa uyilo lweemodyuli ezinokwakhiwa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe kubude kunye nendawo yendawo yokufakela.Uyilo lweemodyuli lwenza kube lula ukugcina inkqubo ye-EDI ngexesha lemveliso.
Ungcoliseko lwezinto eziphilayo yingxaki eqhelekileyo kwishishini le-RO, elicutha izinga lokuvelisa amanzi, linyuse uxinzelelo lokungena emanzini, lize lithobe izinga lokukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-RO.Ukuba ayiphathwanga, amalungu enwebu aya kuba nomonakalo osisigxina.I-Biofouling ibangela ukwanda koxinzelelo loxinzelelo, ukwenza iindawo ezisezantsi zokuhamba kwamanzi kwi-membrane surface, eqinisa ukubunjwa kwe-colloidal fouling, i-inorganic fouling, kunye nokukhula kwe-microbial.
Ngexesha lamanqanaba okuqala e-biofouling, umgangatho wemveliso wamanzi uyancipha, umahluko woxinzelelo lwe-inlet uyenyuka, kwaye izinga lokukhupha ityuwa lihlala lingatshintshwa okanye linyuswe kancinci.Njengoko i-biofilm iqhubeka ngokuthe ngcembe, izinga lokukhupha ityuwa liqala ukuhla, ngelixa ukungcoliswa kwe-colloidal kunye ne-inorganic fouling nazo zinyuka.
Ungcoliseko lwendalo lunokwenzeka kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-membrane kwaye phantsi kweemeko ezithile, inokukhawulezisa ukukhula.Ngoko ke, imeko ye-biofouling kwisixhobo sonyango lwangaphambili kufuneka ihlolwe, ngakumbi inkqubo yombhobho efanelekileyo yonyango lwangaphambili.
Kubalulekile ukufumanisa kunye nokunyanga ungcoliseko kumanqanaba okuqala okungcoliseka kwezinto eziphilayo njengoko kuba nzima kakhulu ukujongana nayo xa i-microbial biofilm iphuhliswe kwinqanaba elithile.
Amanyathelo athile okucoca izinto eziphilayo ngala:
Inyathelo 1: Yongeza i-alkaline surfactants kunye ne-chelating agents, ezinokutshabalalisa izithintelo zezinto eziphilayo, ezibangela ukuba i-biofilm iguge kwaye igqabhuke.
Iimeko zokucoca: i-pH 10.5, i-30 ℃, umjikelo kunye ne-soak iiyure ze-4.
Inyathelo 2: Sebenzisa i-non-oxidizing agents ukususa i-microorganisms, kuquka ibhaktheriya, i-yeast, kunye ne-fungi, kunye nokuphelisa izinto eziphilayo.
Iimeko zokucoca: 30℃, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiiyure ezininzi (kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesicoci).
Inyathelo lesi-3: Yongeza i-alkaline surfactants kunye ne-chelating agents ukususa i-microbial kunye ne-organic matter fragments.
Iimeko zokucoca: i-pH 10.5, i-30 ℃, umjikelo kunye ne-soak iiyure ze-4.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yangempela, i-agent yokucoca i-acidic ingasetyenziselwa ukususa i-residual inorganic fouling emva kweNyathelo 3. Umyalelo wokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali zokucoca kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko ezinye i-humic acids zinokuba nzima ukususa phantsi kweemeko ze-acidic.Ngokungabikho kweempawu ze-determinate sediment, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-alkaline yokucoca i-agent kuqala.
I-Ultrafiltration yinkqubo yokwahlula i-membrane esekelwe kumgaqo wokuhlukana kwe-sieve kwaye iqhutywe ngoxinzelelo.Ukuchaneka kokucoca kungaphakathi koluhlu lwe-0.005-0.01μm.Iyakwazi ukususa ngokufanelekileyo amasuntswana, i-colloids, i-endotoxins, kunye ne-high-molecular-weight-organic substances emanzini.Ingasetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukwahlula izinto, ukugxininiswa, kunye nokucoca.Inkqubo ye-ultrafiltration ayinalo ukuguqulwa kwesigaba, isebenza kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye ifanelekile ngokukodwa ukuhlukana kwezinto ezithintekayo ukushisa.Inokumelana nobushushu obulungileyo, ukuxhathisa kwe-asidi-alkali, kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, kwaye ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo phantsi kweemeko ze-pH 2-11 kunye nobushushu obungaphantsi kwe-60 ℃.
I-diameter yangaphandle ye-fiber engenanto yi-0.5-2.0mm, kwaye i-diameter yangaphakathi yi-0.3-1.4mm.Udonga lwetyhubhu yefayibha engenanto igqunywe ngemicropores, kwaye ubungakanani bepore bubonakaliswa ngokwemiqathango yobunzima bemolekyuli yento enokuthi ithintelwe, kunye noluhlu lwemolekyuli yobunzima obungamawaka aliqela ukuya kumawaka aliqela amawaka.Amanzi akrwada ahamba phantsi koxinzelelo ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi kwefiber engenanto, ngokulandelelanayo ukwenza uhlobo loxinzelelo lwangaphandle kunye nohlobo loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.I-Ultrafiltration yinkqubo yokucoca okuguquguqukayo, kwaye izinto ezithintekayo zinokukhutshwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngokugxininiswa, ngaphandle kokuthintela i-membrane surface, kwaye inokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ixesha elide.
Iimpawu ze-UF Ultrafiltration Membrane Filtration:
1. Inkqubo ye-UF inezinga eliphezulu lokubuyisela kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lokusebenza, olunokuthi lufezekise ukucocwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukuhlukana, ukucocwa, kunye nokugxininiswa kwezinto.
2. Inkqubo yokwahlula inkqubo ye-UF ayinalo utshintsho lwesigaba, kwaye ayichaphazeli ukubunjwa kwezinto.Ukwahlula, ukuhlanjululwa, kunye neenkqubo zoxinaniso zihlala kubushushu begumbi, ngakumbi zilungele ukunyangwa kwezixhobo ezingevani nobushushu, zithintele ngokupheleleyo ukonakala kobushushu obuphezulu kwizinto ezisebenzayo zebhayoloji, kunye nokugcina ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezisebenzayo zebhayoloji kunye namacandelo esondlo kwindawo. inkqubo yezinto zokuqala.
3. Inkqubo ye-UF inokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, imijikelezo emfutshane yokuvelisa, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zenkqubo yendabuko, enokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuphucula inzuzo yezoqoqosho kumashishini.
4. Inkqubo ye-UF inoyilo lwenkqubo ephucukileyo, iqondo eliphezulu lokumanyanisa, ulwakhiwo olubambeneyo, unyawo oluncinci, ukusebenza lula kunye nokugcinwa kwayo, kunye noxinzelelo lwabasebenzi oluphantsi.
Umda wesicelo sokuhluzwa kwe-UF ultrafiltration membrane:
Isetyenziselwa unyango lwangaphambili lwezixhobo zamanzi ahlambulukileyo, ukuhlanjululwa kweziyobisi, amanzi okusela, kunye namanzi amaminerali, ukuhlukana, ukugxininiswa, kunye nokucocwa kweemveliso zamashishini, ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso, ipeyinti ye-electrophoretic, kunye nokunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka anamafutha e-electroplating.
Isixhobo sonikezelo lwamanzi esiguquguqukayo esiguquguqukayo siqulunqwe yikhabhathi yolawulo oluguquguqukayo, inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo, iyunithi yempompo yamanzi, inkqubo yokubeka iliso ekude, itanki yesithinteli soxinzelelo, isivamvo soxinzelelo, njl.njl. Inokuqonda uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluzinzileyo ekupheleni kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, oluzinzileyo inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi, kunye nokonga amandla.
Ukusebenza kwayo kunye neempawu:
1. Iqondo eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo: Isixhobo silawulwa yiprosesa ephakathi ehlakaniphile, ukusebenza kunye nokutshintshwa kwepompo yokusebenza kunye nepompo yokulinda ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye iimpazamo zichazwe ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza. unobangela wempazamo ukusuka kujongano lomatshini womntu.Ummiselo we-PID ovaliweyo uyamkelwa, kwaye ukuchaneka koxinzelelo rhoqo kuphezulu, kunye nokuguqulwa koxinzelelo lwamanzi amancinci.Ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo eseti, inokufikelela ngokwenene ekusebenzeni okungajongwanga.
2. Ulawulo olunengqiqo: Ukulawulwa kwesiqalo esithambileyo sokujikeleza kweepompo ezininzi kuyamkelwa ukunciphisa impembelelo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwigridi yamandla okubangelwa ukuqala ngokuthe ngqo.Umgaqo osebenzayo wempompo ephambili yokuqala kukuba: vula kuqala kwaye umise, uqale umise kwaye uvule, amathuba alinganayo, afanelekileyo ekwandiseni ubomi beyunithi.
3. Imisebenzi epheleleyo: Inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokukhusela ngokuzenzekelayo efana nokugqithisa, isiphaluka esifutshane, kunye ne-overcurrent.Isixhobo sisebenza ngokuzinzileyo, ngokuthembekileyo, kwaye kulula ukusisebenzisa nokugcina.Inemisebenzi efana nokumisa impompo kwimeko yokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo ukusebenza kwempompo yamanzi ngexesha elimiselweyo.Ngokubhekiselele kunikezelo lwamanzi oluphelelwe lixesha, lunokuthi lubekwe njengolawulo lokutshintsha kwexesha ngokusebenzisa iyunithi yolawulo oluphakathi kwinkqubo yokufezekisa ukutshintshwa kwexesha lempompo yamanzi.Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokusebenza: i-manual, ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nesinyathelo esisodwa (ifumaneka kuphela xa kukho isikrini sokuchukumisa) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo.
4. Ukubeka iliso kude (umsebenzi wokhetho): Ngokusekelwe ekufundeni ngokupheleleyo iimveliso zasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle kunye neemfuno zabasebenzisi kunye nokudibanisa kunye namava okuzenzekelayo abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe iminyaka emininzi, inkqubo yokulawula ingqiqo yezixhobo zokubonelela ngamanzi yenzelwe ukubeka iliso kunye nokubeka iliso kwinkqubo. umthamo wamanzi, uxinzelelo lwamanzi, inqanaba lolwelo, njalo njalo ngokusebenzisa esweni online ekude, kwaye esweni ngokuthe ngqo kwaye urekhode iimeko zokusebenza inkqubo kunye nokubonelela ngengxelo ngexesha lokwenyani ngokusebenzisa software uqwalaselo enamandla.Idatha eqokelelweyo iyasetyenzwa kwaye ibonelelwe kulawulo lwedatabase yenethiwekhi yenkqubo yonke ukuba ibuze kwaye ihlalutywe.Isenokwenziwa kwaye ibekwe iliso kude nge-Intanethi, uhlalutyo lweempazamo kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi.
5. Ucoceko kunye nokuGcinwa kwamandla: Ngokutshintsha isantya semoto ngokusebenzisa ulawulo oluguquguqukayo oluguquguqukayo, uxinzelelo lwenethiwekhi yomsebenzisi lunokugcinwa rhoqo, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcina amandla kunokufikelela kwi-60%.Ukuhamba koxinzelelo ngexesha lokunikezelwa kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo kunokulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-± 0.01Mpa.
1. Indlela yesampulu yamanzi acocekileyo kakhulu iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiprojekthi yovavanyo kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa ezifunekayo.
Uvavanyo olungekho kwi-intanethi: Isampuli yamanzi kufuneka iqokelelwe kwangaphambili kwaye ihlalutywe ngokukhawuleza.Indawo yesampula kufuneka imele njengoko ichaphazela ngqo iziphumo zedatha yovavanyo.
2. Ukulungiswa komgqomo:
Ukwenza isampuli ye-silicon, i-cations, i-anion kunye namaqhekeza, izitya zeplastiki ze-polyethylene kufuneka zisetyenziswe.
Ukwenza isampuli yekhabhoni ephilayo kunye ne-microorganisms, iibhotile zeglasi ezinezithinteli zeglasi zomhlaba kufuneka zisetyenziswe.
3. Indlela yokwenziwa kweesampuli zeebhotile:
3.1 Uvavanyo lwe-cation kunye nohlalutyo olupheleleyo lwe-silicon: Gxuma iibhotile ezi-3 ze-500 mL yeebhotile zamanzi acocekileyo okanye iibhotile ze-hydrochloric acid ezinenqanaba lokucoceka elingaphezulu kococeko oluphezulu kwi-1mol hydrochloric acid ngobusuku, hlamba ngamanzi acwenge kakhulu amaxesha angaphezu kwe-10 (ixesha ngalinye, xubha ngamandla ngomzuzu we-1 malunga ne-150 mL yamanzi acocekileyo uze ulahle kwaye uphinde ucoceke), ugcwalise ngamanzi acocekileyo, ucoce i-cap yebhotile ngamanzi a-ultra-pure, uyitywine ngokuqinileyo, kwaye uvumele ukuma ubusuku bonke.
3.2 Uhlalutyo lwe-anion kunye ne-particle: Gxuma iibhotile ze-3 ze-500 mL yeebhotile zamanzi acocekileyo okanye iibhotile ze-H2O2 ezinezinga lococeko oluphezulu kunobunyulu obuphezulu kwi-1mol yesisombululo se-NaOH ngobusuku, kwaye ucoce njengakwi-3.1.
3.4 Uhlalutyo lwe-microorganisms kunye ne-TOC: Gcwalisa iibhotile ze-3 ze-50mL-100mL iibhotile zeglasi ephantsi nge-potassium dichromate sulfuric acid solution yokucoca, i-cap them, ifakwe kwi-asidi ngobusuku bonke, ihlambe ngamanzi a-ultra-pure ngaphezu kwamaxesha e-10 (ixesha ngalinye , xubha ngamandla ngomzuzu we-1, ulahle, uphinde uphinde ukucoca), ucoce i-cap cap ngamanzi a-ultra-pure, kwaye uyitywine ngokuqinileyo.Emva koko uzibeke kuxinzelelo oluphezulu ** embizeni yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-steam imizuzu engama-30.
4. Indlela yesampulu:
4.1 I-anion, i-cation kunye nohlalutyo lwamasuntswana, ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isampuli esemthethweni, uthele amanzi ebhotileni kwaye uhlambe amaxesha angaphezu kwe-10 ngamanzi acocekileyo, uze ujobe i-350-400mL yamanzi ahlambulukileyo ngexesha elinye, ucoceke. ikepusi yebhotile enamanzi acocekileyo kakhulu kwaye uyivale ngokuqinileyo, kwaye emva koko uyitywine kwingxowa yeplastiki ecocekileyo.
4.2 Uhlalutyo lwe-microorganism kunye ne-TOC, galela amanzi ebhotileni ngokukhawuleza phambi kokuba uthathe isampuli esemthethweni, uyigcwalise ngamanzi acwenge kakhulu, kwaye uyitywine ngokukhawuleza ngekepusi yebhotile ecocekileyo uze uyitywine kwingxowa yeplastiki ecocekileyo.
Iresin yokupholisha isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuthengisa kunye nokutshintshiselana ngezixa ze-ion emanzini.Ixabiso lokumelana nombane wokungena ngokuqhelekileyo likhulu kune-megaohms ezili-15, kwaye isihluzo se-resin yokupholisa sifumaneka ekupheleni kwenkqubo yokucoca amanzi e-ultra-pure (inkqubo: izigaba ezimbini ze-RO + EDI + i-resin yokupholisha) ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi umgangatho unokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi.Ngokubanzi, umgangatho wamanzi ophumayo unokuzinziswa ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-18 megaohms, kwaye unamandla okulawula i-TOC kunye ne-SiO2.Iindidi ze-ion ze-resin zokupholisa zi-H kunye ne-OH, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ngokuthe ngqo emva kokuzaliswa ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kumashishini aneemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wamanzi.
La manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqatshelwe xa kutshintshwa i-resin yokupholisha:
1. Sebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo ukucoca itanki yokucoca phambi kokutshintshwa.Ukuba amanzi kufuneka afakwe ukwenza lula ukuzaliswa, amanzi acocekileyo kufuneka asetyenziswe kwaye amanzi kufuneka akhutshwe ngokukhawuleza okanye asuswe emva kokuba i-resin ingene kwi-tank ye-resin ukuphepha ukuguqulwa kwe-resin.
2. Xa ugcwalisa i-resin, izixhobo ezidibanisa ne-resin kufuneka zicocwe ukukhusela ioli ekungeneni kwi-tank ye-resin filter.
3. Xa utshintshela i-resin egcweleyo, ityhubhu yeziko kunye nomqokeleli wamanzi kufuneka zihlambuluke ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kungabikho ntsalela ye-resin endala phantsi kwetanki, ngaphandle koko ezi zintlu zisetyenzisiweyo ziya kungcolisa umgangatho wamanzi.
4. Iringi ye-O-ring seal esetyenziswayo mayitshintshwe qho.Kwangaxeshanye, amacandelo achaphazelekayo kufuneka atshekishwe aze atshintshwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba wonakalisiwe ngexesha lokutshintshwa ngalunye.
5. Xa usebenzisa itanki yokucoca i-FRP (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-fiberglass tank) njengebhedi ye-resin, umqokeleli wamanzi kufuneka ashiywe kwitanki ngaphambi kokuba azalise i-resin.Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuzalisa, umqokeleli wamanzi kufuneka agungqiswe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze alungise indawo yakhe kwaye afake ikhava.
6. Emva kokuzalisa i-resin kunye nokudibanisa umbhobho wokucoca, vula umngxuma wokuphuma ngaphaya kwetanki yokucoca kuqala, kancinane ugalele amanzi de umngxuma wokuphuma uphume uphuphume kwaye kungabi saveliswa amaqamza, uze uvale umngxuma wokuphuma ukuze uqale ukwenza. amanzi.
Izixhobo zamanzi acocekileyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana namayeza, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye nokutya.Okwangoku, iinkqubo eziphambili ezisetyenzisiweyo zitekhnoloji ze-osmosis zamanqanaba amabini okanye itekhnoloji ye-osmosis enemigangatho emibini + ye-EDI.Amalungu adibana namanzi asebenzisa i-SUS304 okanye i-SUS316 imathiriyeli.Ngokudibanisa nenkqubo edibeneyo, balawula umxholo we-ion kunye nokubala kwe-microbial kumgangatho wamanzi.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo kunye nomgangatho wamanzi ohambelanayo ekupheleni kokusetyenziswa, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo ekulawuleni imihla ngemihla.
1. Ukutshintsha rhoqo iikhatriji zokucoca kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo, landela ngokungqongqo incwadana yokusebenza kwesixhobo ukuze ubuyisele izinto ezityiwayo ezinxulumeneyo;
2. Qinisekisa rhoqo iimeko zokusebenza zezixhobo ngesandla, ezifana nokuqalisa inkqubo yokucoca kwangaphambili unyango ngesandla, kunye nokujonga imisebenzi yokukhusela efana ne-under-voltage, overload, umgangatho wamanzi odlula imigangatho kunye nenqanaba le-liquid;
3. Thatha iisampuli kwi-node nganye ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenxalenye nganye;
4. Landela ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza ukuhlola iimeko zokusebenza zezixhobo kunye nokurekhoda iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza zobugcisa;
5. Ukulawula rhoqo ukwanda kwe-microorganisms kwisixhobo kunye nemibhobho yokuhambisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Izixhobo zamanzi acociweyo ngokubanzi zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yonyango lwe-osmosis ebuyela umva ukususa ubumdaka, iityuwa, kunye nemithombo yobushushu kwimithombo yamanzi, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana namayeza, izibhedlele kunye neshishini lemichiza ye-biochemical.
Itekhnoloji engundoqo yezixhobo zamanzi ahlambulukileyo isebenzisa iinkqubo ezintsha ezifana ne-osmosis eguqukayo kunye ne-EDI ukuyila iseti epheleleyo yeenkqubo zokucocwa kwamanzi ahlambulukileyo kunye neempawu ezijoliswe kuzo.Ke, izixhobo zamanzi acocekileyo kufuneka zigcinwe kwaye zigcinwe njani yonke imihla?La macebiso alandelayo anokuba luncedo:
Iifilitha zesanti kunye nezihluzo zekhabhoni kufuneka zicocwe ubuncinci rhoqo ngeentsuku ezingama-2-3.Coca isihluzo sesanti kuqala uze emva koko wenze isihluzo sekhabhoni.Yenza i-backwashing ngaphambi kokuhlamba kwangaphambili.Izinto ezityiwayo zesanti yequartz kufuneka zitshintshwe emva kweminyaka emi-3, kwaye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwikhabhoni ecushiweyo kufuneka zitshintshwe emva kweenyanga ezili-18.
Isihluzo esichanekileyo sifuna ukutsalwa kanye ngeveki.Isihluzo sePP esingaphakathi kwesihluzo esichanekileyo kufuneka sicocwe kanye ngenyanga.Isihluzi sinokuchithwa kwaye sisuswe kwigobolondo, sihlanjululwe ngamanzi, kwaye siphinde sihlanganiswe.Kucetyiswa ukuba uyitshintshe emva kweenyanga ezi-3.
Isanti yequartz okanye ikhabhoni esebenzayo ngaphakathi kwesihluzo sesanti okanye isihluzo sekhabhoni kufuneka sicocwe kwaye sitshintshwe rhoqo kwiinyanga ezili-12.
Ukuba izixhobo azisetyenziswanga ixesha elide, kucetyiswa ukuba uqhube ubuncinane iiyure ezi-2 zonke iintsuku ezi-2.Ukuba isixhobo sivaliwe ebusuku, isihluzo sesanti yequartz kunye nesihluzo sekhabhoni esisebenzayo sinokuhlanjwa ngasemva kusetyenziswa amanzi etephu njengamanzi akrwada.
Ukuba ukucuthwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwemveliso yamanzi nge-15% okanye ukuhla kancinci komgangatho wamanzi kudlula umgangatho akubangelwa bubushushu kunye noxinzelelo, oko kuthetha ukuba i-osmosis membrane ifuna ukucocwa ngokwekhemikhali.
Ngexesha lokusebenza, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kuya kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.Emva kokuba kwenzeke ingxaki, jonga irekhodi yokusebenza ngokweenkcukacha kwaye uhlalutye unobangela wempazamo.
Iimpawu zezixhobo zamanzi ahlambulukileyo:
Uyilo lwesakhiwo olulula, oluthembekileyo, kunye nokulula ukulufaka.
Isixhobo sonke sokucocwa kwamanzi acocekileyo senziwe ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu zentsimbi engenasici, egudileyo, engenama-engile afileyo, kwaye kulula ukuyicoca.Iyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kunye nokuthintela umhlwa.
Ukusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo amanzi epompo ukuvelisa amanzi ahlambulukileyo ahlambulukileyo kunokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo amanzi adibeneyo kunye namanzi aphindwe kabini.
Amacandelo angundoqo (i-membrane ye-osmosis eguqukayo, imodyuli ye-EDI, njl.) ithunyelwa ngaphandle.
Inkqubo yokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo (i-PLC + i-interface yomatshini womntu) inokwenza ngokufanelekileyo ukuhlamba okuzenzekelayo.
Izixhobo ezithathwe kwamanye amazwe zinokuchaneka, zihlalutye ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye zibonise umgangatho wamanzi.
I-Reverse Osmosis inwebu yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokulungisa izixhobo zamanzi acocekileyo.Ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokuhlukana kwamanzi kuxhomekeke kwiyunithi ye-membrane ukugqiba.Ufakelo oluchanekileyo lwe-membrane element kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo ze-osmosis ezijikelezayo kunye nomgangatho wamanzi ozinzile.
Indlela yokuFakelo yeMembrane ye-Reverse Osmosis kwiSixhobo saManzi acocekileyo:
1. Okokuqala, qinisekisa iinkcukacha, imodeli, kunye nobungakanani bereverse osmosis membrane element.
2. Faka i-O-ring kwi-fitting fitting.Xa ufaka, ioli yokuthambisa efana neVaseline ingasetyenziswa kwi-O-ring njengoko ifunekayo ukukhusela umonakalo kwi-O-ring.
3. Susa iiplate zokugqibela kuzo zombini iziphelo zomkhumbi woxinzelelo.Hlanza isitya soxinzelelo esivulekileyo ngamanzi acocekileyo kwaye ucoce udonga lwangaphakathi.
4. Ngokutsho kwesikhokelo sendibano yesitya soxinzelelo, faka isitya sokumisa kunye nesitya sokugqibela kwicala lamanzi agxininisiweyo kwisitya soxinzelelo.
5. Faka i-RO reverse osmosis membrane element.Faka isiphelo senwebu yesiqalelo ngaphandle komsesane wokutywina wamanzi etyuwa ngokunxuseneyo kwicala lonikezelo lwamanzi (emantla) wenqanawa yoxinzelelo, kwaye kancinci utyhale i-2/3 yento ngaphakathi.
6. Ngexesha lofakelo, tyhala igobolondo le-membrane ye-osmosis ebuyela emva ukusuka kwindawo yokungena ukuya ekupheleni kwamanzi.Ukuba ifakwe kwi-reverse, iya kubangela umonakalo kwi-concentrated water seal kunye ne-membrane element.
7. Faka iplagi yokuqhagamshela.Emva kokubeka yonke inwebu into kwisitya soxinzelelo, faka umdibaniso wokudibanisa phakathi kwezinto kumbhobho ophakathi wemveliso yamanzi, kwaye njengoko kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa i-lubricant esekelwe kwi-silicone kwi-O-ring ye-joint phambi kokufakwa.
8. Emva kokuzalisa zonke izinto ze-membrane ye-osmosis e-reverse, faka umbhobho wokudibanisa.
Oku ngasentla yindlela yofakelo ye-reverse osmosis inwebu yezixhobo zamanzi acocekileyo.Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha lofakelo, nceda ukhululeke ukudibana nathi.
Isihluzo esisebenza ngoomatshini sisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukucutha ubumdaka bamanzi akrwada.Amanzi akrwada athunyelwa kwisihluzo esizaliswe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo esanti yequartz ehambelanayo.Ngokusebenzisa amandla okuthintela ukungcola kwesanti ye-quartz, amasuntswana amakhulu amisiweyo kunye ne-colloids emanzini anokususwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye i-turbidity yamanzi amdaka iya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-1mg / L, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweenkqubo zonyango ezilandelayo.
Iicoagulants zongezwa kumbhobho wamanzi akrwada.I-coagulant idlula i-ion hydrolysis kunye ne-polymerization emanzini.Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezivela kwi-hydrolysis kunye nokuhlanganiswa zibhengezwa ngamandla ngamasuntswana e-colloid emanzini, ukunciphisa i-particle surface charge kunye nobukhulu be-diffusion ngaxeshanye.Amandla okugxotha amasuntswana ayancipha, aya kusondela kwaye adibanise.Ipolymer eveliswe yi-hydrolysis iya kubhengezwa ngee-colloids ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ukuvelisa uqhakamshelwano lwe-bridging phakathi kwamasuntswana, ngokuthe ngcembe yenze iiflocs ezinkulu.Xa amanzi akrwada edlula kwisihluzo somatshini, aya kugcinwa sisihluzo sesanti.
I-adsorption ye-mechanical filter yinkqubo ye-adsorption ebonakalayo, enokuthi ihlulwe ngokukhawuleza ibe yindawo ekhululekile (isanti enqabileyo) kunye nommandla oxineneyo (isanti ecocekileyo) ngokwendlela yokuzaliswa kwezinto zokucoca.Izinto ezimisiweyo zenza uqhagamshelwano oludibeneyo kwindawo ekhululekileyo ngoqhagamshelwano oluhambayo, ngoko ke le ndawo inokuthintela amasuntswana amakhulu.Kwindawo exineneyo, i-interception ikakhulu ixhomekeke kwi-inertial collision kunye ne-absorption phakathi kwamasuntswana amisiweyo, ngoko ke le ndawo inokubamba amasuntswana amancinci.
Xa isihluzo somatshini sichaphazeleka ngokungcola okugqithisileyo komatshini, sinokucocwa ngokuhlamba umva.Ukubuyela umva kokungena kwamanzi kunye nomxube womoya ocinezelweyo usetyenziselwa ukugungxula nokukhuhla umaleko wesihluzo sesanti kwisihluzo.Izinto ezibanjisiweyo ezibambelela kumphezulu wesanti yequartz zinokususwa kwaye zithwalwe ngamanzi okuhlamba umva, okunceda ukususa intlenga kunye nezinto ezimisiweyo kumaleko okucoca kunye nokuthintela ukuvaleka kwezinto zokucoca.Isixhobo sokucoca siya kubuyisela amandla ayo okuthintela ukungcola ngokupheleleyo, ukufezekisa injongo yokucoca.I-backwash ilawulwa yi-inlet kunye ne-outlet yoxinzelelo lweeparitha zokwahlukana okanye ukucocwa kwexesha, kunye nexesha elithile lokucoca lixhomekeke kwi-turbidity yamanzi akrwada.
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa amanzi acocekileyo, ezinye zeenkqubo zokuqala zisebenzisa i-ion exchange yonyango, usebenzisa ibhedi ye-cation, ibhedi ye-anion, kunye neteknoloji yokucubungula ibhedi edibeneyo.Utshintshiselwano lwe-Ion yinkqubo ekhethekileyo yokufunxa eqinileyo ekwazi ukufunxa i-cation ethile okanye i-anion emanzini, itshintshe ngexabiso elilinganayo lenye i-ion kunye nentlawulo efanayo, kwaye uyikhulule emanzini.Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-ion exchange.Ngokweentlobo ze-ion ezitshintshiweyo, ii-agent zokutshintshiselana nge-ion zinokuhlulwa zibe yi-agent ye-cation kunye ne-anion exchange agents.
Iimpawu zokungcoliseka kwezinto eziphilayo ze-anion resins kwisixhobo samanzi acocekileyo zezi:
1. Emva kokuba i-resin ingcolisekile, umbala uba mnyama, uguquka ukusuka ekukhanyeni okutyheli ukuya kumdaka omnyama kwaye ube mnyama.
2. Umthamo wokutshintshiselana osebenzayo we-resin uyancipha, kwaye ixesha lokuvelisa umthamo webhedi ye-anion liyancipha kakhulu.
3. I-asidi ye-Organic ivuza kumanzi amdaka, inyusa umgangatho wamanzi amdaka.
4. Ixabiso le-pH lamanzi amdaka liyancipha.Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, ixabiso le-pH lamanzi amdaka ukusuka kwibhedi ye-anion ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-7-8 (ngenxa yokuvuza kwe-NaOH).Emva kokuba i-resin ingcolisekile, ixabiso le-pH lamanzi amdaka lingahla liye phakathi kwe-5.4-5.7 ngenxa yokuvuza kwee-asidi eziphilayo.
5. Umxholo weSiO2 uyanda.I-dissociation constant of organic acids (fulvic acid kunye ne-humic acid) emanzini inkulu kune-H2SiO3.Ngoko ke, izinto eziphilayo ezifakwe kwi-resin zinokunqanda ukutshintshiselwa kwe-H2SiO3 nge-resin, okanye ukugxotha i-H2SiO3 esele i-adsorbed, okubangelwa ukuvuza kwangaphambili kwe-SiO2 kwi-anion bed.
6. Umthamo wamanzi okuhlamba uyanda.Ngenxa yokuba i-organic adsorbed kwi-resin iqulethe inani elikhulu le-COOH amaqela asebenzayo, i-resin iguqulwa ibe yi-COONA ngexesha lokuvuselelwa.Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca, ezi Na + ion zihamba ngokuqhubekayo yi-mineral acid emanzini anempembelelo, eyandisa ixesha lokucoca kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwibhedi ye-anion.
Iimveliso ze-membrane ye-osmosis ebuyela umva zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimimandla yamanzi angaphezulu, amanzi abuyiselweyo, ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle, amanzi acocekileyo, kunye nokuveliswa kwamanzi acocekileyo.Iinjineli ezisebenzisa ezi mveliso ziyazi ukuba ii-membrane ze-polyamide reverse osmosis zisesichengeni se-oxidation zii-oxidizing agents.Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa iinkqubo ze-oxidation kunyango lwangaphambili, ii-agent zokunciphisa ezihambelanayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe.Ukuphucula ngokuqhubekayo isakhono se-anti-oxidation se-reverse osmosis membranes iye yaba ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo kubaboneleli be-membrane ukuphucula iteknoloji kunye nokusebenza.
I-oxidation inokubangela ukucutha okubalulekileyo kunye nokungenakuguqulwa ekusebenzeni kwe-reverse osmosis membrane membrane, ebonakaliswa ikakhulu njengokuncipha kwesantya sokukhupha ityuwa kunye nokwanda kwemveliso yamanzi.Ukuqinisekisa izinga le-desalination yenkqubo, amacandelo e-membrane ahlala efuna ukutshintshwa.Nangona kunjalo, zeziphi izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-oxidation?
(I) Iziganeko eziqhelekileyo ze-oxidation kunye nezizathu zabo
1. Uhlaselo lweklorini: Iziyobisi ezinekloridi zongezwa kwinkqubo yokungena kwenkqubo, kwaye ukuba ayisetyenziswanga ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lonyango lwangaphambili, intsalela yeklorini iya kungena kwi-reverse osmosis membrane system.
2. Landela i-chlorine eshiyekileyo kunye ne-ion zetsimbi enzima ezifana ne-Cu2+, Fe2+, kunye ne-Al3+ emanzini anempembelelo kubangela ukusabela kwe-catalytic oxidative kwi-polyamide desalination layer.
3. Ezinye ii-oxidizing agents zisetyenziswa ngexesha lokunyanga kwamanzi, njenge-chlorine dioxide, i-potassium permanganate, i-ozone, i-hydrogen peroxide, njl.
(II) Ukuthintela njani i-oxidation?
1. Qinisekisa ukuba inwebu ye-osmosis engasemva ayinayo intsalela yeklorini:
a.Faka kwi-intanethi izixhobo ezinokuthi zinciphise i-oxidation okanye izixhobo zokubona i-chlorine eshiyekileyo kumbhobho wokungena umva we-osmosis, kwaye usebenzise ii-agent zokunciphisa ezifana ne-sodium bisulfite ukubona intsalela yeklorine ngexesha lokwenyani.
b.Kwimithombo yamanzi ekhupha amanzi amdaka ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho kunye neenkqubo ezisebenzisa i-ultrafiltration njengonyango lwangaphambili, ukongeza iklorini ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukungcoliswa kwe-ultrafiltration microbial.Kule meko yokusebenza, izixhobo ze-intanethi kunye novavanyo lwexesha ngaphandle kwe-intanethi kufuneka zidityaniswe ukufumana i-chlorine eseleyo kunye ne-ORP emanzini.
2. Inkqubo yokucoca i-membrane ye-osmosis i-reverse kufuneka ihlulwe kwisistim yokucoca i-ultrafiltration ukuphepha ukuvuza okushiyekileyo kweklorini ukusuka kwi-ultrafiltration system ukuya kwi-reverse osmosis system.
Ixabiso elichasayo liyisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokulinganisa umgangatho wamanzi acocekileyo.Kule mihla, uninzi lweenkqubo zokucocwa kwamanzi kwiimarike ziza nemitha ye-conductivity, ebonisa umxholo we-ion jikelele emanzini ukusinceda siqinisekise ukuchaneka kweziphumo zokulinganisa.Imitha ye-conductivity yangaphandle isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umgangatho wamanzi kunye nokwenza umlinganiselo, uthelekiso kunye neminye imisebenzi.Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zemilinganiselo yangaphandle zihlala zibonisa ukutenxa okuphawulekayo kumaxabiso aboniswe ngumatshini.Ngoko, yintoni ingxaki?Kufuneka siqale ngexabiso lokumelana ne-18.2MΩ.cm.
I-18.2MΩ.cm isalathiso esibalulekileyo sokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi, obonisa ukuxinwa kweecations kunye neeanions emanzini.Xa i-ion concentration emanzini iphantsi, ixabiso lokuchasana lifunyenwe liphezulu, kwaye ngokuphambene noko.Ngoko ke, kukho ubudlelwane obuphambeneyo phakathi kwexabiso lokuchasana kunye noxinzelelo lwe-ion.
A. Kutheni umda ophezulu wexabiso lokuxhathisa amanzi acocekileyo 18.2 MΩ.cm?
Xa i-ion concentration emanzini isondela kwi-zero, kutheni ixabiso lokuchasana lingabi likhulu ngokungenasiphelo?Ukuze siqonde izizathu, makhe sixoxe inverse ixabiso ukumelana - conductivity:
① I-conductivity isetyenziselwa ukubonisa amandla okuqhuba ii-ion kumanzi acocekileyo.Ixabiso layo lihambelana ngokuhambelana ne-ion concentration.
② Iyunithi ye-conductivity idla ngokubonakaliswa kwi-μS/cm.
③ Emanzini acocekileyo (emele ugxininiso lwe-ion), ixabiso le-conductivity ye-zero alikho ngokoqobo kuba asinakususa zonke ii-ion emanzini, ngakumbi sithathela ingqalelo i-dissociation equilibrium yamanzi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukususela kwi-equilibrium dissociation engasentla, i-H + kunye ne-OH- ayinakuze isuswe.Xa kungekho ion emanzini ngaphandle kwe [H +] kunye ne [OH-], ixabiso eliphantsi le-conductivity yi-0.055 μS / cm (eli xabiso libalwa ngokusekelwe kwi-ion concentration, ukuhamba kwe-ion, kunye nezinye izinto, ngokusekelwe [H+] = [OH-] = 1.0x10-7).Ngoko ke, ithiyori, akunakwenzeka ukuvelisa amanzi acocekileyo ngexabiso le-conductivity elingaphantsi kwe-0.055μS / cm.Ngaphezu koko, i-0.055 μS/cm yi-reciprocal ye-18.2M0.cm esiyiqhelileyo, 1/18.2=0.055.
Ngoko ke, kwiqondo lokushisa lama-25 ° C, akukho manzi acocekileyo kunye ne-conductivity ephantsi kwe-0.055μS / cm.Ngamanye amazwi, akunakwenzeka ukuvelisa amanzi acocekileyo kunye nexabiso lokumelana nexabiso eliphezulu kune-18.2 MΩ / cm.
B. Kutheni le nto isicoci samanzi sibonisa i-18.2 MΩ.cm, kodwa kulucelomngeni ukufezekisa iziphumo ezilinganisiweyo ngokwethu?
Amanzi acocekileyo acocekileyo anomxholo ophantsi we-ion, kwaye iimfuno zokusingqongileyo, iindlela zokusebenza, kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ziphezulu kakhulu.Nawuphi na umsebenzi ongafanelekanga unokuchaphazela iziphumo zomlinganiselo.Iimpazamo zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo ekulinganiseni ixabiso loxhathiso lwamanzi acwenge kakhulu kwilabhoratri ziquka:
① Ukubeka iliso ngaphandle kweintanethi: Khupha amanzi acocekileyo kakhulu kwaye uwabeke kwibeaker okanye esinye isingxobo ukuze uvavanywe.
② Iibhetri ezingaguqukiyo: Imitha ye-conductivity enebhetri engaguqukiyo ye-0.1cm-1 ayinakusetyenziswa ukulinganisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ahlambulukileyo.
③ Ukunqongophala kweMbuyekezo yoBuqondo: I-18.2 MΩ.cm ixabiso loxhathiso kumanzi acwenge kakhulu libhekisa kwisiphumo esiphantsi kobushushu be-25°C.Ekubeni iqondo lokushisa lamanzi ngexesha lokulinganisa lihlukile kweli qondo lokushisa, kufuneka sibuyisele kwakhona kwi-25 ° C ngaphambi kokuba senze uthelekiso.
C. Yintoni esifanele sinikele ingqalelo kuyo xa silinganisa ixabiso lokumelana namanzi acocekileyo acocekileyo usebenzisa imitha yokuqhuba yangaphandle?
Ngokubhekiselele kumxholo wecandelo lokufumanisa ukuchasana kwi-GB/T33087-2016 "IiNkcazo kunye neendlela zoVavanyo lwaManzi aPhezulu acocekileyo kuhlalutyo lwezixhobo," le miba ilandelayo kufuneka iqatshelwe xa ulinganisa ixabiso lokumelana namanzi acocekileyo acocekileyo usebenzisa i-conductivity yangaphandle. imitha:
① Iimfuno zezixhobo: imitha ye-conductivity ye-intanethi enomsebenzi wembuyekezo yobushushu, i-electrode conductivity cell electrode engaguqukiyo eyi-0.01 cm-1, kunye nokuchaneka komlinganiselo weqondo lobushushu ngu-0.1°C.
② Amanyathelo okusebenza: Qhagamshela i-cell conductivity ye-conductivity meter kwinkqubo yokucoca amanzi ngexesha lokulinganisa, gubha amanzi kwaye ususe amaqamza omoya, ulungelelanise izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi ukuya kwinqanaba eliqhubekayo, kwaye urekhode ubushushu bamanzi kunye nexabiso lokumelana nesixhobo xa ukufunda ukuxhathisa kuzinzile.
Iimfuno zezixhobo kunye namanyathelo okusebenza akhankanywe ngasentla kufuneka alandelwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zethu zokulinganisa.
Ibhedi exubeneyo imfutshane kwikholamu yotshintshiselwano ye-ion exubeneyo, esisixhobo esenzelwe itekhnoloji yokutshintshiselana nge-ion kwaye sisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amanzi acoceke kakhulu (ukumelana okukhulu kune-megaohms ezili-10), esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngasemva kwe-osmosis okanye ibhedi ye-Yang Yin.Okubizwa ngokuba ngumbhede odibeneyo kuthetha ukuba inxalenye ethile ye-cation kunye ne-anion exchange resins ixutywe kwaye ipakishwe kwisixhobo esifanayo sokutshintshiselana kunye nokususa i-ion kwi-fluid.
Umlinganiselo we-cation kunye ne-anion resin packing ngokubanzi yi-1: 2.Ibhedi edibeneyo yohlulwe kwi-situ yokuvuselela ibhedi edibeneyo kunye ne-ex-situ yokuvuselela ibhedi edibeneyo.I-in-situ ye-synchronous yokuvuselela ibhedi edibeneyo iqhutyelwa kwibhedi edibeneyo ngexesha lokusebenza kunye nenkqubo yonke yokuvuselela, kwaye i-resin ayishukunyiswa ngaphandle kwesixhobo.Ngaphezu koko, i-cation kunye ne-anion resins zihlaziywa ngaxeshanye, ngoko ke izixhobo ezincedisayo ezifunekayo zincinci kwaye umsebenzi ulula.
Iimpawu zezixhobo zebhedi ezixubeneyo:
1. Umgangatho wamanzi ugqwesileyo, kwaye ixabiso le-pH lamanzi amdaka likufutshane nokungathathi hlangothi.
2. Umgangatho wamanzi uzinzile, kwaye utshintsho lwexesha elifutshane kwiimeko zokusebenza (ezifana nomgangatho wamanzi angenayo okanye amacandelo, izinga lokuhamba komsebenzi, njl.
3. Ukusebenza okwethutyana kunempembelelo encinci kumgangatho wamanzi amdaka, kwaye ixesha elifunekayo lokubuyisela kubulunga bamanzi angaphambi kokuvalwa lifutshane.
4. Izinga lokubuyisela amanzi lifikelela kwi-100%.
Amanyathelo okucoca kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo zebhedi ezixubeneyo:
1. Ukusebenza
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokungena emanzini: ngokungena kwamanzi emveliso kwibhedi ye-Yang ibhedi ye-Yin okanye ngokukhupha ityuwa ekuqaleni (amanzi acociweyo okubuyisela umva i-osmosis).Xa usebenza, vula ivalve yokungena kunye nevalve yamanzi emveliso, kwaye uvale zonke ezinye iivalve.
2. Ukuhlamba umqolo
Vala i-valve yokungena kunye ne-valve yamanzi emveliso;vula ivalve yokungena ngasemva kunye nevalve yokukhupha i-backwash, i-backwash kwi-10m / h nge-15min.Emva koko, vala ivalve yokungena ngasemva kunye nevalve yokukhupha umva.Vumela ukuba ihlale i-5-10min.Vula ivalve yokukhupha nevalve ephakathi yokukhupha amanzi, uze ukhuphe amanzi ngokuyinxenye ukuya kutsho malunga ne-10cm ngaphezu komgangatho wentlaka.Vala ivalve yokukhupha kunye nevalve ephakathi.
3. Ukuzalwa ngokutsha
Vula ivalve yokungena, impompo yeasidi, ivalve yokungena yeasidi, kunye nevalve ephakathi yokukhupha amanzi.Hlaziya i-resin ye-cation kwi-5m / s kunye ne-200L / h, sebenzisa i-reverse osmosis imveliso yamanzi ukucoca i-anion resin, kwaye ugcine inqanaba le-liquid kwikholamu kumphezulu we-resin layer.Emva kokuhlaziya i-resin ye-cation ye-30min, vala ivalve yokungena, impompo ye-asidi, kunye nevalve yokungena ye-asidi, kwaye uvule ivalve yokungena ngasemva, impompo yealkali, kunye nevalve yokungena yealkali.Hlaziya i-anion resin kwi-5m / s kunye ne-200L / h, sebenzisa i-reverse osmosis imveliso yamanzi ukucoca i-resin cation, kwaye ugcine inqanaba le-liquid kwikholamu kumphezulu we-resin layer.Hlaziya i-30min.
4. Ukutshintshwa, xuba i-resin, kunye nokugungxulwa
Vala impompo yealkali kunye nevalve yokungena yealkali, kwaye uvule ivalve yokungena.Yitshintshe kwaye ucoce i-resin ngokuzisa ngaxeshanye amanzi ukusuka phezulu nasezantsi.Emva kwe-30min, vala ivalve yokungena, ivalve yokungena ngasemva, kunye nevalve ephakathi.Vula i-valve yokukhupha i-backwash, i-valve yokungena emoyeni, kunye ne-valve yokukhupha, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-0.1 ~ 0.15MPa kunye nomthamo wegesi we-2 ~ 3m3 / (m2 · min), xuba i-resin ye-0.5 ~ 5min.Vala ivalve yokukhupha i-backwash kunye nevalve yokungenisa umoya, yiyeke ihlale i-1 ~ 2min.Vula i-valve yokungena kunye ne-valve yokukhupha i-valve phambili, lungisa i-valve yokukhupha, ugcwalise amanzi de kungabikho moya kwikholomu, kwaye uhlambe i-resin.Xa i-conductivity ifikelela kwiimfuno, vula ivalve yokuvelisa amanzi, vala ivalve yokukhupha, kwaye uqale ukuvelisa amanzi.
Ukuba emva kwexesha lokusebenza, amasuntswana etyuwa eqinileyo kwitanki ye-brine ye-softener awazange anciphe kwaye umgangatho wamanzi oveliswayo awukho kumgangatho, kunokwenzeka ukuba isithambiso asikwazi ukufunxa ityuwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye izizathu ziquka ezi zilandelayo: :
1. Okokuqala, khangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwamanzi angenayo lufanelekile.Ukuba uxinzelelo lwamanzi angenayo alwanelanga (ngaphantsi kwe-1.5kg), uxinzelelo olubi aluyi kuqulunqwa, oluya kubangela ukuba i-softener ingayifaki ityuwa;
2. Jonga kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umbhobho wokufunxa ityuwa uvalekile.Ukuba ivaliwe, ayiyi kutsala ityuwa;
3. Jonga ukuba umbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi awuvalwanga na.Xa uxhathiso lokuphuma kwamanzi luphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yobutyobo obugqithisileyo kwimathiriyeli yesihluzo sombhobho, uxinzelelo olubi aluyi kwakheka, oluya kubangela ukuba isithambisa singafunxa ityuwa.
Ukuba ezi ngongoma zintathu zingentla ziphelisiwe, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba umbhobho wokufunxa ityuwa uyavuza, obangela ukuba umoya ungene kwaye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lube luphezulu kakhulu ukuba luthathe ityuwa.Ukungahambelani phakathi kwesithinteli sokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nejethi, ukuvuza kumzimba wevalvu, kunye nokuqokelelana kwerhasi ngokugqithisileyo okubangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu zizinto ezichaphazela ukusilela kwesithambileyo ukufunxa ityuwa.